​What is grooming?​

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Essentially, grooming is when an abuser selects and “prepares” his or her victim. Predators deliberately, secretly, and gradually build (and oftentimes maintain) relationships with their victims and then manipulate that trust in order to abuse their selected victim/s.

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Grooming is one of the reasons victims continue to trust and return to their abuser. Predators shift blame onto the victim, creating a sense of self-doubt in the victim's mind. Sometimes victims will even be made to feel sympathetic and compassionate toward their abuser. When a victim develops a connection with their abuser, it is known as Stockholm Syndrome. This can be a survival strategy for victims and is commonly found in toxic relationships, such as between a parent or child or a spiritual leader and their victim.

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It is important to note that grooming can be used in cases of both child and adult abuse and can happen, not only in person, but online or via use of technology as well.

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Here are some of the most common characteristics of the grooming process:

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• A predator will carefully select his/her victim based on ease of contact and how vulnerable that individual is perceived to be. For example, a child who is alone often will be an easier target than a child who is always with an adult.

• Selection then leads to slowly finding opportunities to isolate the victim.

• From there, the abuser gains the victim’s trust. The inappropriate “stuff” doesn’t usually happen right away. It happens slowly over a period of time as the abuser proves himself or herself to be a trustworthy individual. Someone like a relative, teacher, priest, coach, or other person who is generally seen as a trusted individual is going to find it easier to gain the trust of victim.

• A predator will get the targeted victim to start keeping secrets. These secrets might start small (such as, “Don't tell your mom about the candy I gave you.”) and slowly work up to bigger things.

• An important aspect of grooming is desensitizing the victim to touch and to sensitive topics of a sexual nature. While the “bad touch” doesn’t usually happen right away, the abuser will slowly add touch to the relationship. These seemingly innocent touches (such as a touch to the shoulder or on the head) slowly grow into something more sinister, aggressive, and sexual. Predators will try to make these behaviors seem normal and, if the victim resists, the predator will place blame on the victim or make them feel as if they are over-reacting.

• The predator will often maintain the relationship for a long period of time and continue controlling their victim by various methods some of which can include secrecy, guilt, blame, threats, and gifts.

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Grooming doesn’t just involve individuals. Predators often groom families and communities as well. The Catholic sex abuse scandal is one example. Teachers who sexually abuse students groom families and school communities as well. An abusive relative (such as an uncle, aunt, or cousin) will do the same.

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Knowing and understanding the warning signs of the grooming process is important so we can better prevent abuse and also better understand and support victims. Most forms of abuse involve grooming. While grooming behaviors in and of themselves aren't typically illegal, they do lead to criminal behaviors. If grooming behavior is seen or suspected, possible victims, parents or guardians can and should still report their concerns in order to create more oversight to the suspected potential predator. For example, if a teacher seems to be seeking out alone time with your child or is giving them lots of gifts, it may be time to have a talk with the principal and express your concerns.

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Parents, talk to your children. Talk to them about bad touch, boundaries, and keeping secrets. Be aware of who they are around and what kinds of activities they are engaged in.

In closing, please remember that if you have been groomed and abused, it is never your fault. Also, if you are the parent of a child who has been groomed and abused, it is also not your fault. The best you can do as a parent is be involved in your children's lives, learn the signs of the grooming process, and be on the lookout for potential predators. Predators are wolves in sheep's clothing and could be the person you least expect!